What would a map that linked protected areas across the entire North American continent look like?
A new analysis that takes steps toward answering this question focuses on continent-wide, transboundary connectivity by modeling potential linkages between protected areas across all of North America. While there are other analyses that address connectivity between global protected areas, this one focuses specifically on protected areas in North America. It also uses multiple modeling approaches to determine critical linkages, and uses recently available datasets that quantify global human modification.
Barnett, K. and Belote, R.T. 2021. Modeling an aspirational connected network of protected areas across North America. Ecological Applications: e2387.
Connectivity maps were created using two alternative connectivity modeling approaches: least-cost and circuit theory. Least-cost methods minimize distance between key nodes – in this case, designated protected areas – but assume that individuals have perfect knowledge of their surroundings and how to move through them. In contrast, circuit theory maximizes current “flow” between nodes, similar to the way electrical current flows through resistors, and assumes that individuals have no knowledge of their surroundings.
Both types of modeling have advantages and disadvantages, so both were used to compare and contrast projected connectivity. The resulting maps show that while the general linkages for each approach were similar, regional differences highlight the importance of using more than one approach when modeling connectivity. For example, the Rocky Mountains and Southern Appalachians remain key mountain corridors regardless of method used, but there are differences in priority linkages in Canada’s northern boreal forests.
A few key lessons for managers emerge. First, it’s important to consider large-scale connectivity, which can then be broken into regional or local connectivity and achieved with smaller, more short-term goals. Second, using multiple techniques to model connectivity, such as least-cost and circuit theory, is more likely to give an accurate representation of priority regions to target for conservation. Finally, corridors don’t end at administrative boundaries, whether those boundaries are regional, national, or international. Collaboration among administrative units can make the difference between successful, large-scale connected habitats and wasted resources.
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